Which molecule anchors epithelial cells to the basal lamina?

• A. Cadherins
• B. Integrins
• C. Laminins
• D. Fibronectin

Answer: (B)

Integrins are the receptors that anchor epithelial cells to the basal lamina. They form hemidesmosomes, linking inside the cell’s keratin intermediate filaments to laminin in the basal lamina outside. This creates a strong, stable connection that keeps the epithelium attached to the underlying basement membrane. Cadherins mediate cell–cell adhesion, not attachment to the basal lamina. Laminins are key components of the basal lamina that bind integrins, but they are the ligands, not the anchoring receptors. Fibronectin is more associated with the broader extracellular matrix and connective tissues, not the primary anchor for epithelial cells to the basal layer.